The ls Command:

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ls Command in Linux:

The ls command lists files and directories within the file system, and shows detailed information about them.
The syntax for the ls command is as follows:

Syntax:

When used with no options and arguments, ls displays a list of the names of all files in the current working directory:

Example:

The files are listed in alphabetical order in as many columns as can fit across our terminal:

Output:

To list files in a specific directory, we pass the directory path as an argument to the ls command. For example, to list the contents of the /etc directory, we would type:

Output:

If the user we are logged in with doesn’t have read permissions to the directory, we will get a message saying that ls can’t open the directory:

Example: Output:

The -l option tells ls to print files in a long listing format:

Example: Output:

In the long listing format, we can see the following file information:

1. The file type.
2. The file permissions.
3. Number of hard links to the file.
4. File owner.
5. File group.
6. File size.
7. Date and Time.
8. File name.

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