Introduction:
HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language. It is the most fundamental language that is used to code web-pages. Though for this purpose thousands of different languages have been developed so far but without using HTML none of these can work.
The word ‘mark-up’ is important here, because there are a variety of languages from mark-up to scripting to programming etc. Unlike of others, a mark-up language is the one that is used for designing and formatting the look and appearance of contents in a web-page. HTML is the best example of it. Starting with HTML 2 in 1995, today we have arrived in the age of HTML 5 (released in 2014).
In short, HTML is the language that we learn to be able to code, create, edit, engineer and maintain a webpage.
Basic HTML structure:
Here every <#####> is called a TAG. There is variety of tags that we use in HTML. However all tags are categorized in two sections: <head> and <body>
In the diagram, we see two major parts:
- Document type declaration: Used in HTML 5 codes to notify the browser that the code is an HTML 5 code
- The HTML code: The main HTML code built up of numerous tags and other elements
The HTML code is further partitioned into two:
- The <head> section
- The <body> section
The <head> section: The <head> section covers all the code written between <head> and </head>. The code under this section includes page title, scripts, links and style elements.
The <body> section: The <body> section covers all the code written between <body> and </body>. The code under this section includes page contents like text, images, tables, links and forms etc.
HTML keywords:
Every single word that we code in an HTML file is a keyword. However there are many types of keywords supported by HTML. Following is a list of all such types:
- Tag
- Atribute
- Value
- Content
Tag:
Every word that is enclosed by ‘<’ and ‘>’ is a tag. Thus a tag looks like- <html>. Tags are further of two types:
- Container tags: Those tags that need to be closed somewhere in the program are called container tags. Ex.-
-
<html> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </html> -
<head> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </head> -
<body> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </body> -
<p> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p>
-
- Empty tags: Those tags that need not to be closed are called empty tags. Ex.- <br>, <link>, <hr>, <img> etc.
Attribute:
Attributes are words that define the way of working of the tags. In other words, attributes define or change the behaviour of tags. One single tag may have many attributes. Attributes are always written along with tags preceded by a space. Ex.-
<body bgcolor="######">
Here, bgcolor is attribute that defines behave of <body> tag.
Value:
Value is the input to an attribute. There might be many values associated with just one single attribute. Like the attribute bgcolor can be given any color as value. Ex.-
<body bgcolor="red">
Here, red is the value of attribute bgcolor. Note that yellow/pink/green etc. could also be used as the value to this attribute
Content:
The code written in between opening and closing of a container tag can be referred to as content. Ex.-
<p> My name is abc. I live in xyz. </p>
